Kukonzekera ndi makhalidwe a thovu lolimba la polyurethane la zogwirira ntchito zamagalimoto zogwira ntchito bwino.
Chopumira chamkati mwa galimoto ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la kabati, lomwe limagwira ntchito yokankhira ndi kukoka chitseko ndikuyika mkono wa munthu amene ali mgalimoto. Pakagwa ngozi, galimoto ndi handrail zikagundana, handrail yofewa ya polyurethane ndi PP yosinthidwa (polypropylene), ABS (polyacrylonitrile - butadiene - styrene) ndi handrail zina zolimba zapulasitiki, zimatha kupereka kusinthasintha kwabwino komanso buffer, motero zimachepetsa kuvulala. Handrail zofewa za polyurethane zimatha kupereka mawonekedwe abwino a dzanja komanso mawonekedwe okongola a pamwamba, motero zimakweza chitonthozo ndi kukongola kwa cockpit. Chifukwa chake, ndi chitukuko cha makampani opanga magalimoto komanso kusintha kwa zosowa za anthu pazinthu zamkati, ubwino wa polyurethane soft thovu m'handrail zamagalimoto ukuonekera kwambiri.
Pali mitundu itatu ya ma handrail ofewa a polyurethane: thovu lolimba kwambiri, thovu lodzipangira lokha ndi thovu lolimba pang'ono. Kunja kwa ma handrail olimba kwambiri kuli ndi khungu la PVC (polyvinyl chloride), ndipo mkati mwake muli thovu lolimba kwambiri la polyurethane. Thandizo la thovu ndi lofooka, mphamvu yake ndi yochepa, ndipo kumamatira pakati pa thovu ndi khungu sikokwanira. Chogwirira chodzipangira chokha chili ndi khungu lolimba kwambiri, mtengo wake ndi wochepa, ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magalimoto amalonda, koma n'zovuta kuganizira mphamvu ya pamwamba ndi chitonthozo chonse. Chopumira cha mkono cholimba pang'ono chimakutidwa ndi khungu la PVC, khungu limapereka kukhudza ndi mawonekedwe abwino, ndipo thovu lolimba pang'ono mkati mwake lili ndi kumva bwino, kukana kukhudza, kuyamwa mphamvu komanso kukana ukalamba, kotero chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito mkati mwa galimoto zonyamula anthu.
Mu pepalali, njira yoyambira ya polyurethane semi-rigid thovu yopangira ma handrails a magalimoto yapangidwa, ndipo kusintha kwake kukuphunziridwa pamaziko awa.
Gawo loyesera
Zipangizo zazikulu zopangira
Polyether polyol A (mtengo wa hydroxyl 30 ~ 40 mg/g), polymer polyol B (mtengo wa hydroxyl 25 ~ 30 mg/g): Wanhua Chemical Group Co., LTD. Modified MDI [diphenylmethane diisocyanate, w (NCO) ndi 25% ~ 30%], chothandizira chophatikizana, chonyowetsa chonyowetsa (Agent 3), antioxidant A: Wanhua Chemical (Beijing) Co., LTD., Maitou, etc.; Wonyowetsa chonyowetsa (Agent 1), wonyowetsa chonyowetsa (Agent 2): Byke Chemical. Zipangizo zomwe zili pamwambapa ndi zapamwamba kwambiri. Khungu la PVC: Changshu Ruihua.
Zipangizo zazikulu ndi zida
Chosakaniza champhamvu cha Sdf-400, balance yamagetsi yamtundu wa AR3202CN, nkhungu ya aluminiyamu (10cm×10cm×1cm, 10cm×10cm×5cm), uvuni wamagetsi wamtundu wa 101-4AB, makina opondereza magetsi amtundu wa KJ-1065, thermostat yapamwamba kwambiri yamtundu wa 501A.
Kukonzekera fomula yoyambira ndi chitsanzo
Kapangidwe koyambira ka thovu la polyurethane lolimba pang'ono kakuwonetsedwa mu Gome 1.
Kukonzekera chitsanzo choyesera zinthu zamakina: polyether yophatikizika (Chinthu chimodzi) inakonzedwa motsatira njira yopangira, yosakanikirana ndi MDI yosinthidwa mu gawo linalake, yosakanizidwa ndi chipangizo chosakaniza chachangu (3000r/min) kwa masekondi 3 ~ 5, kenako inathiridwa mu nkhungu yofanana nayo ku thovu, ndikutsegula nkhungu mkati mwa nthawi inayake kuti mupeze chitsanzo chopangidwa ndi thovu la polyurethane lolimba.
Kukonzekera chitsanzo cha mayeso a mgwirizano: khungu la PVC limayikidwa pansi pa nkhungu, ndipo polyether yophatikizidwa ndi MDI yosinthidwa zimasakanizidwa mofanana, kusakanizidwa ndi chipangizo chosakaniza chachangu (3 000 r/min) kwa masekondi 3-5, kenako zimathiridwa pamwamba pa khungu, ndipo nkhunguyo imatsekedwa, ndipo thovu la polyurethane ndi khungu limapangidwa mkati mwa nthawi inayake.
Mayeso a magwiridwe antchito
Kapangidwe ka makina: 40% CLD (kuuma kokakamiza) malinga ndi mayeso okhazikika a ISO-3386; Mphamvu yokoka ndi kutalika kwake pakagwa zimayesedwa malinga ndi muyezo wa ISO-1798; Mphamvu yokoka imayesedwa malinga ndi muyezo wa ISO-8067. Kagwiridwe ka ntchito kogwirizanitsa: Makina olumikizirana amagetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupukuta khungu ndi thovu pa 180° malinga ndi muyezo wa OEM.
Kugwira ntchito kwa ukalamba: Yesani kutayika kwa zinthu zamakina ndi zinthu zomangira pambuyo pa maola 24 a ukalamba pa 120℃ malinga ndi kutentha kwachizolowezi kwa OEM.
Zotsatira ndi zokambirana
Katundu wa makina
Mwa kusintha chiŵerengero cha polyether polyol A ndi polymer polyol B mu njira yoyambira, mphamvu ya mlingo wosiyanasiyana wa polyether pa mphamvu za makina a thovu la polyurethane lolimba pang'ono idafufuzidwa, monga momwe zasonyezedwera mu Table 2.
Kuchokera mu zotsatira za Table 2, zikuwoneka kuti chiŵerengero cha polyether polyol A ndi polymer polyol B chimakhudza kwambiri mphamvu za makina a thovu la polyurethane. Pamene chiŵerengero cha polyether polyol A ndi polymer polyol B chikuwonjezeka, kutalika kwa kusweka kumawonjezeka, kuuma kwa kukakamiza kumachepa pang'ono, ndipo mphamvu yokoka ndi mphamvu yong'ambika sikusintha kwenikweni. Unyolo wa mamolekyu wa polyurethane umakhala makamaka ndi gawo lofewa ndi gawo lolimba, gawo lofewa kuchokera ku polyol ndi gawo lolimba kuchokera ku chomangira cha carbamate. Kumbali imodzi, kulemera kwa mamolekyu ndi hydroxyl ya ma polyol awiriwa ndi osiyana, kumbali ina, polyol B ndi polyether polyol yosinthidwa ndi acrylonitrile ndi styrene, ndipo kulimba kwa gawo la unyolo kumawonjezeka chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa mphete ya benzene, pomwe polyol B ili ndi zinthu zazing'ono zamamolekyu, zomwe zimawonjezera kufooka kwa thovu. Pamene polyether polyol A ili ndi magawo 80 ndipo polyol B ili ndi magawo 10, mphamvu zonse za makina a thovu zimakhala bwino.
Katundu wogwirizanitsa
Monga chinthu chomwe chimakhala ndi makina osindikizira ambiri, chogwiriracho chimachepetsa kwambiri chitonthozo cha ziwalo ngati thovu ndi khungu zituluka, kotero kuti ntchito yomangirira thovu la polyurethane ndi khungu ikufunika. Kutengera kafukufuku amene waperekedwa pamwambapa, ma dispersants osiyanasiyana onyowetsa adawonjezedwa kuti ayesere mphamvu zomatira za thovu ndi khungu. Zotsatira zake zikuwonetsedwa mu Table 3.
Zikuoneka kuchokera pa Gome 3 kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zonyowetsa madzi imakhala ndi zotsatira zomveka pa mphamvu yochotsa thovu ndi khungu: Kugwa kwa thovu kumachitika pambuyo pa kugwiritsa ntchito chowonjezera 2, chomwe chingachitike chifukwa cha kutseguka kwambiri kwa thovu pambuyo powonjezera chowonjezera 2; Pambuyo pa kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera 1 ndi 3, mphamvu yochotsera ya chitsanzo chopanda kanthu imakhala ndi kuwonjezeka kwina, ndipo mphamvu yochotsera ya chowonjezera 1 ndi yokwera pafupifupi 17% kuposa ya chitsanzo chopanda kanthu, ndipo mphamvu yochotsera ya chowonjezera 3 ndi yokwera pafupifupi 25% kuposa ya chitsanzo chopanda kanthu. Kusiyana pakati pa chowonjezera 1 ndi chowonjezera 3 kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kunyowa kwa zinthu zophatikizika pamwamba. Kawirikawiri, kuti muwunikire kunyowa kwa madzi pa cholimba, Ngongole yolumikizana ndi chinthu chofunikira poyesa kunyowa kwa pamwamba. Chifukwa chake, Ngongole yolumikizana pakati pa zinthu zophatikizika ndi khungu pambuyo powonjezera zonyowetsa ziwiri zomwe zili pamwambapa idayesedwa, ndipo zotsatira zake zidawonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 1.
Kuchokera pa Chithunzi 1, zikuwoneka kuti ngodya yolumikizira ya chitsanzo chopanda kanthu ndiyo yayikulu kwambiri, yomwe ndi 27°, ndipo ngodya yolumikizira ya wothandizira wothandizira 3 ndiyo yaying'ono kwambiri, yomwe ndi 12° yokha. Izi zikusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito chowonjezera 3 kungathandize kuti zinthu zophatikizika ndi khungu zikhale zonyowa kwambiri, ndipo n'zosavuta kufalitsa pamwamba pa khungu, kotero kugwiritsa ntchito chowonjezera 3 kumakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu yochotsa khungu.
Katundu wokalamba
Zinthu zogwirira ntchito m'galimoto zimakanikizidwa m'galimoto, kuchuluka kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo kukalamba ndi ntchito ina yofunika yomwe thovu la polyurethane lolimba kwambiri liyenera kuganizira. Chifukwa chake, kukalamba kwa njira yoyambira kunayesedwa ndipo kafukufuku wowongolera unachitika, ndipo zotsatira zake zinawonetsedwa mu Table 4.
Poyerekeza deta yomwe ili mu Table 4, zitha kupezeka kuti makhalidwe a makina ndi maubwenzi a fomula yoyambira amachepa kwambiri pambuyo pa kukalamba kwa kutentha pa 120℃: pambuyo pa kukalamba kwa maola 12, kutayika kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana kupatula kuchuluka (komweko pansipa) ndi 13% ~ 16%; Kutayika kwa magwiridwe antchito a ukalamba wa maola 24 ndi 23% ~ 26%. Zikusonyezedwa kuti mphamvu ya ukalamba wa fomula yoyambira si yabwino, ndipo mphamvu ya ukalamba wa fomula yoyambirira ikhoza kukonzedwa bwino powonjezera gulu la A la antioxidant A ku fomula. Pansi pa mikhalidwe yoyesera yomweyi pambuyo pa kuwonjezera antioxidant A, kutayika kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana pambuyo pa maola 12 kunali 7% ~ 8%, ndipo kutayika kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana pambuyo pa maola 24 kunali 13% ~ 16%. Kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya makina makamaka chifukwa cha zochitika zingapo zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusweka kwa mgwirizano wa mankhwala ndi ma free radicals omwe amagwira ntchito panthawi ya ukalamba wa kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwakukulu mu kapangidwe kapena mawonekedwe a chinthu choyambirira. Kumbali imodzi, kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito a thovu lokha kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya thovu lokha, kumbali ina, chifukwa khungu la PVC lili ndi mapulasitiki ambiri, ndipo pulasitikiyo imasamuka kupita pamwamba panthawi ya ukalamba wa okosijeni wotentha. Kuwonjezeredwa kwa ma antioxidants kungathandize mphamvu zake zokalamba zotentha, makamaka chifukwa ma antioxidants amatha kuchotsa ma free radicals atsopano, kuchedwetsa kapena kuletsa njira yowotchera ya polima, kuti asunge mphamvu zoyambirira za polima.
Kuchita bwino kwambiri
Kutengera ndi zotsatira zomwe zili pamwambapa, fomula yabwino kwambiri idapangidwa ndipo makhalidwe ake osiyanasiyana adayesedwa. Kugwira ntchito kwa fomulayi kudayerekezeredwa ndi thovu la polyurethane high rebound handrail thovu. Zotsatira zake zawonetsedwa mu Table 5.
Monga momwe taonera pa Table 5, magwiridwe antchito a fomula yabwino kwambiri ya polyurethane thovu yolimba ali ndi ubwino wina kuposa njira zoyambira komanso zanthawi zonse, ndipo ndi yothandiza kwambiri, ndipo ndi yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma handrails ogwira ntchito kwambiri.
Mapeto
Kusintha kuchuluka kwa polyether ndikusankha chonyowetsa choyenerera komanso choteteza ku ma antioxidants kungapatse thovu la polyurethane lolimba pang'ono mphamvu zabwino zamakanika, mphamvu zabwino zochepetsera kutentha ndi zina zotero. Kutengera momwe thovu limagwirira ntchito bwino, thovu la polyurethane lolimba kwambiri lingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zosungira magalimoto monga zogwirira ntchito ndi matebulo a zida.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-25-2024