Kufufuza Kupita kwa Posyucsanate Polyirethas
Kuyambira chiyambi chawo mu 1937, zida (Pu) zapeza ntchito zambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana kuphatikiza pa mayendedwe, zopangidwa, ukadaulo wamakina, wathanzi, ndi ulimi. Zinthu izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira ngati pulasitiki, ulusi, elastomers, othandizira madzi, zikopa, zomata, zomatira, zojambula zonyamula ndi zinthu zamankhwala. Makina a Purical a PE amapangidwa makamaka kuchokera ku magawo awiri kapena kupitilira apo ndi ma macromalecular polyals ndi odziwa zambiri. Komabe, kufooka kwachilengedwe kwa Ayoctaniates kumabweretsa zoopsa zaumoyo ndi chilengedwe; Komanso iwo amachokera ku Phosgene - chopondera kwambiri-ndi zida zofananira.
Poganizira za kufunafuna zamakono kwa makampani obiriwira komanso osasunthika, ofufuzawo akuwoneka bwino kwambiri pakusintha kwa ma isowsis njira yopanda ma polyureurethanes (nipu). Pepala lino limabweretsa njira zokonzekera za Nipu ndikuwunikanso zochitika zosiyanasiyana za Nipous ndikukambirana za chiyembekezo chawo chamtsogolo kuti afotokozere kafukufuku wina.
1 kaphatikizidwe ka milungu yopanda ma polyuretharthanes
Kaphatikizidwe koyambirira kwa mankhwala otsika ma carbamate mankhwala ogwiritsa ntchito carcyclic carbonates omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi ma 1950 omwe amapezeka pompopompo polyuretethane. Pakadali pano pali njira ziwiri zoyambirira zopangira nipu: Choyamba chogwirizana ndi chowonjezera chophatikizira pakati pa ma cyclic carbectition carbonbonale a Cyclic ndi Amines Amines; Lachiwiri limaphatikizapo ma polycondedetion zochita zokhudzana ndi diurethane zapakatikati pafupi ndi ma diols omwe amathandizira mitundu yosinthana mkati mwa carbamani. Diarboxylate wapakatikati amatha kupezeka kudzera mu cruclic carbonate kapena ma carbonate (dmc) njira; KHALEYO YOSAVUTA ZONSE ZOPHUNZITSIRA MALO OGWIRITSIRA NTCHITO YOPHUNZITSIRA MALO OGULITSIRA MALO OGULITSIRA.
Magawo otsatirawa amakula bwino pa njira zitatu zosiyanirana ndi kuphatikiza polyurethene popanda kugwiritsa ntchito isocyutate.
1.1,000anary cruclic carbonate njira
Nipi ikhoza kuphatikizidwa kudzera munthawi yomweyo zophatikizira Carbonate ya cyclic carbonated ndi amine amine monga akuwonetsera chithunzi 1.
Chifukwa cha magulu angapo a hydroxyl omwe amapezeka mkati mobwerezabwereza njirayi yomwe imapereka zomwe zimapereka zomwe zimadziwika kuti Polyp-hydroxyll (PU). Leitsch et al. Zopeza zawo zidawonetsa kuti magulu a hydroxyl mkati mwa phos Kusintha pakati pa zigawo zofewa kumathandizanso kuti hydrogen ubale wokhala ndi maikolofoni olekanitsa omwe kenako amakhudza zochitika zonse zogwirira ntchito.
Nthawi zambiri zimachitika pansi pamadzi opitilira 100 ° C Kuyambira kulikonse pakati pa tsiku limodzi mpaka masiku asanu nthawi zambiri amatulutsa zolemera zochepa kwambiri zomwe zimachitika kwambiri pazinthu zosafunikira zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha zomata zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chosinthana ndi ziboda zowonjezera ..
1.2momocylic Carbonate Route
Monocyuclic Carbonate amachita mwachindunji ndi diamine chifukwa cha ma dicarbamate okhala ndi ma eyroroxyl omaliza omwe amakhala ndi ma dipurpar opanga zikopa zam'madzi kwambiri kudzera pa Chithunzi.
Zogwiritsidwa ntchito mozama zimaphatikizapo ma ethylene & Proplene Carbonation pomwe panali gulu la Zhao jijati ku Beijing Universion of Memining Servingmeaties of Testictiate Polytehhydrofol / Polyither-diols omwe amakhala ndi mizere yosangalatsa yowonetsera njira zopangira matenthedwe okwera pafupifupi125 ~ 161 Wang et al. Enpotosting13k ~ 28k ~ ma mol tunsile mphamvu mosinthanitsa 4 ~ 17 mipa quages videjing35% ~ 235%.
Zotupa za cyclocarborborborborborborborborbor mothandizidwa ndi ma carelyststs okakhala pansi pa ma spricts80 ° mpaka120 ° REPRESSTER STURSECRESS Systems Osapatulidwa200 °. Kupitilira Kupititsa patsogolo Zofuna za Diolic Zokha Zamatha Kudzipereka / Deglycounisis Phenomena Kupanga njira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke econol / zing'onozing'ono za dieky.
1.3dimethyl carbonate njira
DMC imayimira njira yolumikizira yogwira ntchito yogwira ntchito yogwiritsa ntchito methyl / methoxyl / carbonyl onjezerani mwachindunji ma medyl a medyl-carbamate ophatikizidwa ndi zowonjezera Malinyo-dikirani-dilesi / okulirapo-polyol Convitunts kutsogolera komwe kumachitika pambuyo pake kapangidwe ka polymer zowoneka bwino kudzera pa Chithunzi.
Deepa et. Pan Dongdong yosankhidwa bwino yopangidwa ndi DMC hexamethylene-diaminalbamorbonate - polyalcoalcahols oscilation10% -100% -1400%. Zinthu zofufuza zofufuza zozungulira mozungulira zokonda zokonda zomwe zimawonetsera mtundu wa anignil AT230 ℃. Zofufuza za Kutuluka Komwe Kunali Kusanthula Kulibe Diazonomer Kugwiritsa Ntchito Makina Othandizira Vinyl-Mobiling Zofunikira potero kuchepetsa mitsinje makamaka yochepa chabe ya methanol / yaying'ono-molecle-diific-diific-diifist-diases okhazikitsa a Greenesm onse.
Magawo awiri ofewa a sarocyngate polyurethane
2.1 Polyther Polurethane
Polyther Polyirethane (Peu) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito zigawo zamitundu yochepa kwambiri pobwereza zigawo zobwereza, kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwa ma hydrulysis.
Kebir et al. Matenda a Polytether Polyirethane ndi DMC, polyethylene glycol ndi a butaditiilol monga olemera (7 5 ~), ndi mphamvu zina zinali zovuta kukwaniritsa zosowa zofuna kugwiritsa ntchito. Gulu la Zhao Jingbo jindebo linagwiritsa ntchito a ethylene carbonate, ndipo polyethylene glycol kuphatikizika ndi ma syhel, ma molm, ndi exngda, ~ 1 388%. Kulemera kwa masentimita kwa mndandanda wa angomatic polyirethackes ndi 17 300 ~ matope, ndipo mphamvu ya zipatso ndi 69% ~ 89%.
Gulu lofufuzira la Zheng Liuchun ndi Liuchcheng limakonzekeretsa pakatikati 1, 6-hexamethyleneriadiamine (BHCT) ndi carbonate ndi 1, 6-2 000). Njira zingapo za Polytether Polyirethas (Nigau) ndi njira yopanda isoucyaate idakonzedwa, ndipo vuto loloza la zapakatikati pazinthu zomwe zimachitika. Kapangidwe kake ndi katundu wa miyambo ya Polyrethane (HdiPu) Kukonzekera ndi Nipeu ndi 1, 6-hexamethylene diisocyyanate adafananizidwa, monga akuwonetsera 1.
| Chitsanzo | Gawo lolimba la misa /% | Kulemera / (g·mal ^ (- 1)) | MOYO WOPEREKA WOPEREKA | Kukhala mphamvu / MPA | Elongition ku Break /% |
| Nipeu30 | 30 | 74000 | 1.9 | 120.5 | 120 |
| Nipeo40 | 40 | 66000 | 2.2 | 8.0 | 550 |
| Hdu80 | 30 | 46000 | 1.9 | 31.3 | 1440 |
| Hdu80 | 40 | 54000 | 2.0 | 25.8 | 1360 |
Gome 1
Zotsatira za pagome 1 zikuwonetsa kuti kusiyana komwe kumayendera pakati pa Niga ndi HdiPu kumachitika makamaka chifukwa chovuta. Gulu la Urea lomwe limapangidwa ndi chithunzi cha Nipeu limasinthidwa mosasamala kanthu molecular molecular ma unyolo a hydrogen pakati pa gawo lolimba la Nipeu. Zotsatira zake, mphamvu zake ndizoyipa kwambiri kuposa hdipu.
2.2 Polyester PolUrethane
Polyester Polyirethane (Petu) ndi polyester ma diols ofewa amakhala ndi zofewa POLESTTER DIWOOL omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekeza zigawo zofewa ndi polybutlene dipate dipate dipate diil ndi polycaproctonene diil.
M'mbuyomu, Rokici et al. Adachita za Carbonate ya Ethylene ndi diamine ndi diamine (1, 6-hexanessiol, 1, 10-9-9-DODCAnol) kuti apeze niputul) kuti apeze niputul) kuti akapeze cholemera chochepa kwambiri komanso chotsika. Farhadia et al. Konzani za Polycyclic Carbonate pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta adzuwa ngati zipatso, kenako osakanikirana ndi ma polrobines okhazikika, ndikuchiritsidwa pa 90 ℃ kuti mupeze thermotsetrane polyetthane. Gulu lofufuzira za zhangdn kuchokera ku South China Yunivesite yaukadaulo yophatikizika ndi ma cristic carbon, kenako ndikungoletsedwa ndi biobod polyester polyester polyester polyeter. Gulu la Zofufuzira za Zhu Jin ku Ningbo Institute of Matings Studs Offices adakonzanso ma cubidic acid a acid kuti apeze utoto wa ultravioler kuchiritsa. Gulu lofufuzira la Zheng Liuchun ndi Liuchcheng adagwiritsa ntchito adipic acid ndi anayi Aliphadic acids (and Gulu la Polyrester Polyethanene (Tutu), lotchedwa liwerengero la ma atomu a karifati a Aliphatic Drails ndi gawo lolimba lokonzedwa ndi BHC ndi Diols. Makina omwe amagwiritsa ntchito a petu akuwonetsedwa mu tebulo 2.
| Chitsanzo | Kukhala mphamvu / MPA | Elastic modulus/ MPA | Elongition ku Break /% |
| Tutu4 | 6.9±1.0 | 36±8 | 673±35 |
| Tutu6 | 10.1±1.0 | 55±4 | 568±32 |
| Tutu8 | 9.0±0,8 | 47±4 | 551±25 |
| Tutu10 | 8.8±0,1 | 52±5 | 137±23 |
Gome 2
Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti gawo lofewa la tuptu4 lili ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri, kulumikizana kwamphamvu kwa hydrogen kwambiri ndi gawo lolimba, komanso kuchuluka kotsika kwambiri. Crystallization ya zigawo zonse zofewa komanso zolimba ndizochepa, kuwonetsa malo osungunuka ndi mphamvu yakuchepa, koma okwera kwambiri nthawi yopuma.
2.3 Polycarbote Polyurethane
Polycarbonate polUrethane (pcu), makamaka a Aliphatic pcu Pakadali pano, phokoso lokonzekera polythel ndi polyyester polylols monga magawo ofewa, ndipo pali malipoti ochepa ofufuza pa polycarbonene.
Wopanda Polybacbonine polyurethane adakonzedwa ndi gulu lofufuzira la Tian HengShui ku South China Yunivesite ya ukadaulo imakhala ndi ma molecular olemera 50 000 G / Mol. Mphamvu yazomwe zimachitika pamlingo wolemera wa polymer yaphunziridwa, koma mphamvu zake zidanenedwa. Zheng Liuchun ndi Liu Thancheng Gulu la Gulu Lokonzekera Pcu pogwiritsa ntchito DMC, Hexadiaol ndi Polycadiame Diols Office Yovuta Kubwereza UN. Makina omwe amawonetsedwa mu tebulo 3.
| Chitsanzo | Kukhala mphamvu / MPA | Elastic modulus/ MPA | Elongition ku Break /% |
| Pcu18 | 17±1 | 36±8 | 665±24 |
| Pcu33 | 19±1 | 107±9 | 656±33 |
| Pcury6 | 21±1 | 150±16 | 407±23 |
| Pcu57 | 22±2 | 210±17 | 262±27 |
| Pcu67 | 27±2 | 400±13 | 63±5 |
| Pcu82 | 29±1 | 518±34 | 26±5 |
Gome 3
Zotsatira zake zikuwonetsa kuti PCU imalemera kwambiri, mpaka 6 × 104 ~ 9 Pcustomes iyi ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pulasitiki yolimba kapena ngati elastomer, yomwe ili ndi chiyembekezo chabwino chotsatira m'munda wa biomedical scaffolds kapena madera oyimitsa).
2.4 hybrid osakhala poucyurethane
Wosakanizidwa wopanda polyurethane (hybrid nipu) ndi mawu oyambira a epoxy, magulu a Silika kapena a Silika mu polyurethane kapena kupatsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana polyurethane.
Feng Yeelan et al. Adachitapo kanthu ma epoxy a bio Chingwecho chimakhala ndi gawo lalitali losinthika la oleic acid / linoleic acid. Mulinso magawo okhazikika okhwima, kotero kuti ili ndi mphamvu zapamwamba komanso kulimba kwambiri. Ofufuza ena adapanganso mitundu itatu ya Nipulyers ndi Furan, ndipo ndi diamine, kenako adazindikira bwino machiritso ofewa a nipu. Mpanda wosakanizidwa samangokhala ndi mawonekedwe a General Nipu, komanso atha kukhala ndi zotsatsa bwino, acid ndi alkali kuphuka, zosungunulira zosungunulira ndi mphamvu zamakina.
3
Nipi yakonzedwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito toixic isocyyanate, ndipo akuphunziridwa mwa chithovu, zomatira, zomata, elastomer ndi zinthu zingapo zothandiza. Komabe, ambiri aiwo amangofufuza zantchito yantchito, ndipo palibe kupanga kwakukulu. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi kusintha kwa miyezo ya anthu komanso kukula kosalekeza, NIPU yokhala ndi ntchito imodzi kapena ntchito zingapo, monga njira yodziyesera, yoyeserera, kuwongolera kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kafukufuku wamtsogolo ayenera kuzindikira momwe angadutse mavuto ofunikira a mafakitale ndikupitilizabe kuwona njira yokonzekera ntchito iPul napu.
Post Nthawi: Aug-29-2024